Psychological preconditions for the implementation of the police officers` coping behavior in the context of adaptive perfectionism
Abstract
The results of the study of psychological preconditions for the implementation of the police officers` coping behavior in the context of an adaptive form of perfectionism are presented. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific developments of domestic and foreign researchers, it is proved that the types of orientations in difficult situations and tendencies in decision-making are psychological prerequisites for coping behavior, the constructiveness of which determines professional efficiency and positive personalization of the police officers. It is stated that one of the personal factors of overcoming behavior in conditions of professional stress, characteristic for the activity of the police officers, is perfectionism, which, on the one hand, is an important condition for the perfect performance of police duties, but on the other hand, causes ambivalent psychological consequences in accordance with its adaptive or maladaptive form of expression.
The purpose of the study was to highlight the features of the functioning of the psychological conditions for the implementation of coping behavior of the police officers in the context of adaptive perfectionism. Certain psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the “Revised Perfectionism Scale” questionnaire (Slaney et al., 2001), the “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situations” method (Bitutka, Korneev, 2020) and the “Trends in Decision Making” questionnaire (Misuraca et al., 2015). The study was conducted with the involvement of two groups of patrol police officers. The first group consisted of subjects with an adaptive form of perfectionism (63 people), the second - subjects with a maladaptive form of perfectionism (39 people). It has been empirically proven that in the study of the types of orientations in difficult situations on the scales "Orientation to labor intensity (diligence)" and "Orientation to opportunities" the first group shows probably higher indicators, while in the second group probably higher indicators are recorded on scales "Orientation to obstacles" and "Loss-oriented (avoidance of difficulties)". The study of the trend in decision-making revealed that on the scale "Maximization" the indicator established in the second group is probably higher than the indicator recorded on this scale in the first group. On the «Satisfaction scale», a significantly higher rate was found in the first group than in the second. The prospect of further research is outlined, which is to study the psychological preconditions for the implementation of coping behavior by police officers, taking into account the levels of expression of various forms of perfectionism and imbalance of its adaptive form on the example of specialists from different police departments.
Downloads
References
Anshel, M. H. (2000). A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events in police work. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(3), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003006.
Anshel, M. H., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2014). An exploratory study on the effect of an approach-avoidance coping program on perceived stress and physical energy among police officers. Psychology, 5(7), 676–687. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.57079.
Anshel, M. H., Umscheid, D., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2013). Effect of a combined coping skills and wellness program on perceived stress and physical energy among police emergency dispatchers: An exploratory study. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9110-x.
Arble, E., & Arnetz, B. B. (2016). A model of first‐responder coping: An approach/avoidance bifurcation. Stress and Health, 33, 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2692.
Arble, E., Daugherty, A. M., & Arnetz, B. B. (2018). Models of first responder coping: Police officers as a unique population. Stress and Health, 34(5), 612–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2821.
Bityutskaya, E. V., & Korneev, A. A. (2020). Diagnostics of coping prerequisite: approbation of the questionnaire “Types of orientations in difficult situations”. Psychological Journal, 41(1), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.31857/S020595920007902-8.
Bityutskaya, E. V., Bakhanova, E. A., & Korneev, A. A. (2015). Modeling coping with a difficult life situation. National Psychological Journal, 2, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2015.0205.
Bityutskaya, E.V. (2007). Difficult life situation: criteria for cognitive assessment. Psychological Science and Education, 12(4), 87–93.
Chang, S. S. E., Jain, S. P., & Reimann, M. (2021). The role of standards and discrepancy perfectionism in maladaptive consumption. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 6(3), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1086/714384
Comerchero, V., & Fortugno, D. (2013). Adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism and statistics anxiety in graduate psychology students. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 12(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.2304/plat.2013.12.1.4.
Eley, D. S., Bansal, V., & Leung, J. (2020). Perfectionism as a mediator of psychological distress: implications for addressing underlying vulnerabilities to the mental health of medical students. Medical Teacher, 42(11), 1301–1307. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159x.2020.1805101.
Falco, A., Girardi, D., Corso, L. D., De Carlo, A., & Di Sipio, A. (2020). Does workload moderate the association between perfectionism and workaholism? A longitudinal study. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 19(4), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000253.
Fedorenko, O., Dotsenko, V., Okhrimenko, I., Radchenko, K., & Gorbenko, D. (2020). Coping Behavior of Criminal Police Officers at Different Stages of Professional Activity. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(2), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.2/78.
Karamushka, L. M., Bondarchuk, O. I., & Hrubi, T. V. (2018). Diagnosis of perfectionism and workaholism of the individual: a psychological workshop. Medobory-2006.
Karpenko, Ye. V. (2016). Perfectionism as a source of personality neurotization. Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series “Psychological Sciences”, 1(1), 30–37.
Khazova, S. A., & Krylova, M. A. (2020). Mental representation of difficult life situations as a resource of defensive-coping activity of adults. Bulletin of Vladimir State University, 43(62), 148–157.
Klymenko, I. V. (2017). Correlations between decision-making factors and hardiness of cadets-the future law enforcement officers. Current Problems of Psychology, 13, 57–66.
Kornilova, T. V. (2013). Melbourne decision-making questionnaire: A Russian adaptation. Psychological Study, 6(31). http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2013v6n31/883-kornilova31.html.
Kuzina, V. D. (2018). Training as a means of developing constructive perfectionism and professional identity of the officer. Theoretical and Applied Problems of Psychology, 1, 173–181.
Lavrenko, A. V. (2020). The problem of coping behavior of police officers in the performance of duty under conditions of occupational stress. Azimuth of Scientific Research: Pedagogy and Psychology, 9(4), 339–342. https://doi.org/10.26140/anip-2020-0904-0077.
Lo, A., & Abbott, M. J. (2019). Affective, cognitive, and behavioural responses to repeatedly demanding performance expectations across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 51(4), 278–289. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000144.
Madigan, D. J. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of Perfectionism and Academic Achievement. Educational Psychological Review, 31, 967–989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09484-2.
Malivoire, B. L., Kuo, J. R., & Antony, M. M. (2019). An examination of emotion dysregulation in maladaptive perfectionism. Clinical Psychology Review, 71, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.04.006.
Misuraca, R., & Fasolo, B. (2018). Maximizing versus satisficing in the digital age: disjoint scales and the case for “construct consensus”. Personality and Individual Differences, 121, 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.031.
Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Gangemi, A., Carmeci, F. A., & Miceli, S. (2015). The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.043.
Monica, B. S., & Malini, M. S. (2020). Workaholic behaviour in police professionals. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 26(2), 483–488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2020.26.02.064.
Myloslavska, O. V. (2021). Features of reflection and tendencies in decision-making in persons with different level of proactivity. Habitus, 24(1), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2021.24.1.19.
Newby, J., Pitura, V. A., Penney, A. M., Klein, R. G., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2017). Neuroticism and perfectionism as predictors of social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.057.
Ortega, N. E. (2010). Individual and Family Perfectionism and Its Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem among Latino College Students [Ph.D. dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University].
Pais, L. G., & Felgueiras, S. (2016). Police Decision-Making at Major Events. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, 15, 67–80.
Pieterse, A. H., Stiggelbout, A. M., & Montori, V. M. (2019). Shared Decision Making and the Importance of Time. Journal of the American Medical Association, 322(1), 25–26. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3785.
Proskurnia, A. S. (2017). Functional perfectionism as a property of self-actualized personality. Virtus, 17, 64–68.
Razvalyaeva, A. Yu. (2018). Approbation of the Decision Making Tendency Inventory in the Russian Sample. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 26(3), 146–163. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260308.
Ryu, G. W., Yang, Y. S., & Choi, M. (2020). Mediating role of coping style on the relationship between job stress and subjective well-being among Korean police officers. BMC Public Health, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08546-3.
Šalkauskaitė, A., Valickas, G., Grikšienė, R., & Rukšėnas, O. (2015). Policijos pareigūnų sprendimų priėmimas kritinėmis aplinkybėmis. Kriminologijos studijos, 3, 29–58.
Shagarova, I. V., & Nagaitseva, V. G. (2011). Perfectionism as a factor of coping behavior in professional stressful situations. Omsk University Bulletin. Series: Psychology, 1, 11–17.
Sherry, S. B., Stoeber, J., & Ramasubbu, C. (2016). Perfectionism explains variance in self-defeating behaviors beyond self-criticism: Evidence from a cross-national sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 196–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.059.
Shortland, N. D., Alison, L. J., & Moran, J. (2019). Conflict: How Soldiers Make Impossible Decisions. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623449.001.
Shortland, N., Alison, L., Thompson, L., Barrett-Pink, C., & Swan, L. (2020). Choice and consequence: A naturalistic analysis of least-worst decision-making in critical incidents. Memory & Cognition, 48(8), 1334–1345. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01056-y.
Shortland, N., Thompson, L., & Alison, L. (2020) Police Perfection: Examining the Effect of Trait Maximization on Police Decision-Making. Frontiers of Psychology, 11(1817). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01817.
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The almost perfect scale revised. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2002.12069030.
Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., Chen, S., Saklofske, D. H., Mushquash, C., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2018). The perniciousness of perfectionism: A meta‐analytic review of the perfectionism–suicide relationship. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 522–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12333.
Sokolov, O. A. (2021). Psychological features of personal and professional responsibility of police officers [Doctoral dissertation, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs].
Sokurenko, V. V. (2020, March 27). Some issues of forming the personality of a modern police officer [Conference presentation abstract]. Scientific and practical conference “Psychological and pedagogical problems of vocational education and patriotic education of personnel of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Stoeber, J., Noland, A. B., Mawenu, T. W. N., Henderson, T. M., & Kent, D. N. P. (2017). Perfectionism, social disconnection, and interpersonal hostility: Not all perfectionists don’t play nicely with others. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 112–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.008.
Suh, H., Gnilka, P. B., & Rice, K. G. (2017). Perfectionism and well-being: A positive psychology framework. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.041.
Copyright (c) 2021 S. M. Boiko, V. M. Filonenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.