Crime mapping features

Keywords: mapping, crimes, prediction, methods, crime prevention

Abstract

In this paper tools, organization and tactics of crime mapping are analyzed. The directions of application of mapping for maintenance of public safety and order, in criminal intelligence process, etc. are outlined. The domestic experience of mapping is briefly analyzed. The main goals that are achieved with the use of mapping are defined. Features of visualization of criminogenic cells are revealed. Pin mapping features (when points which symbolize a certain event are placed on the map on the corresponding coordinates) are outlined. Kernel density mapping is described, which makes it much easier to detect criminogenic foci, as hot-spot maps clearly reflect the concentration of certain events in the region. A method of mapping using proportional symbol mapping is disclosed when the increase in the size of the symbol denoting a point on the map is proportional to the increase in the number of events or other parameters at these coordinates. The building of geographical profiles of criminals is briefly described. The theoretical basis of mapping for the prediction of crimes is outlined. Prediction strategies based on equations and machine calculations and actuarial strategies based on expertise and clinical strategy are analyzed. Considerations are given to the appropriateness of applying appropriate strategies in different countries. The phenomenon of near repeat patterns is studied. Some software solutions for the implementation of the tasks of mapping criminal manifestations and the use of artificial intelligence systems for this purpose are described. Examples are given. It is noted that the use of cartography to prevent and predict crimes in Ukraine is in its infancy. Some solutions are proposed that could improve the situation in the field of crime mapping in Ukraine.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

O. V. Manzhai, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs

Department of information technologies and cybersecurity (associate professor);
Candidate (Ph.D.) of Juridical Sciences, Docent.

А. О. Потильчак, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs

Postgraduate student.

References

Herchenrader T. and Myhill-Jones S., 2014. GIS supporting intelligence-led policing. Police Practice and Research, Vol. 16, Iss. 2, pp. 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.972622).

Rezapour M., Yue E. and Ksaibati Kh., 2020. Integrating GIS and statistical approaches to enhance allocation of highway patrol resources. Police Science & Management, Vol. 22, Iss. 1, pp. 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355719888939.

O’Sullivan D. and Unwin D.J, 2010.Geographic information analysis. 2nd ed. Wiley.

Kharevich D.L., 2010. Undercover investigation in Germany [Neglasnoe rassledovanie v Germanii]. Minsk: Akademiya MVD.

Canter D. and Youngs D., 2017. Principles of Geographical Offender Profiling. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315246086.

Rich T. and Shively M.A., 2004. Methodology for Evaluating Geographic Profiling Software. [online] National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Available at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208993.pdf [Accessed 10 December 2020].

Bennell C., Taylor P.J. and Snook B., 2007. Clinical versus Actuarial Geographic Profiling Strategies: A Review of the Research. Police Practice and Research, Vol. 8, Iss. 4, pp. 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260701615037.

Ratcliffe J.H., Taylor R.B., Askey A.P. et al., 2020. The Philadelphia predictive policing experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, No. 78, pp. 558-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-019-09400-2.

Translating ‘Near Repeat’ Theory into a Geospatial Policing Strategy. [online] National Police Foundation. Available at https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/translating-near-repeat-theory-into-a-geospatial-policing-strategy/ [Accessed 10 December 2020].

Fitterer J., Nelson T.A. and Nathoo F., 2014. Predictive crime mapping. Police Practice and Research, Vol. 16, Iss. 2, pp. 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.972618.

Galagher K., Wartell J., Gwinn S., Jones G. and Stewart G., 2017. Exploring crime analysis: Readings on essential skills. 3rd ed. Overland Park: KS.

Published
2020-12-14
How to Cite
Manzhai, O. V. and Потильчак, А. О. (2020) “Crime mapping features”, Law and Safety, 79(4), pp. 66-72. doi: 10.32631/pb.2020.4.10.
Section
CRIME COUNTERACTION AND COMBATING CORRUPTION